Hiv And Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - 1557 Words

Many people do not understand what Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is and the difference been HIV and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). As with other sexually transmitted diseases, HIV is often stigmatized due to the method of transmission. HIV is a virus that destroys CD4 T cells, which are immune cells in the body (Forsman Weiss, 2008). When the immune cells in the body fall to very low levels, this is when HIV progresses into AIDS. Since the immune system is weak a person can die from AIDS because of the inability to fight off infections, such as tuberculosis or pneumonia (Forsman Weiss, 2008). Approximately 1.7 million people in the United States have been infected with HIV, and more than 600,000 have died (AIDS.gov U.S. Department of Health Human Services, 2012). These numbers are very high, since the epidemic was only identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the 1980s (Krause, May, Butler Jr, 2013). The number of those infect ed with the disease are not accurate because researchers believe many people infected with HIV have not been diagnosed yet (Shahani, Hartman, Troisi, Kapadia, Giordano, 2012; Hallmark et al., 2014). Since it’s discovery there have been great improvements in the treatment of HIV and AIDS patients, although there is still no cure. There is an increased need for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease for men and women in the U.S. Those infected with HIV are not receiving the health careShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) And Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome1807 Words   |  8 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus MGH Institute of Health Professions Joshua Igoe-Muzorewa â€Æ' Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) continues to be an incredibly important health concern for not only the United States (US) but across the Globe (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016a). In the US alone, there are an estimated 1.2 million people that as of 2013 are living with the disease (CDC, 2016a). Scientists believe that HIVRead MoreAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( HIV ) : What Is The Cases Of HIV?1257 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have always plagued the globe. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory (GHO), there are 36.9 million cases of HIV infections throughout the globe by the end of the year 2014 and 0.08% of adults with ages 15-49 years old are infected with HIV (World Health Organization, 2016). Also, according to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), there was an averageRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) And Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome2589 Words   |  11 PagesOne of the most prevalent diseases facing the world today is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV and AIDS became widely known on June 5th, 1981 when the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported the first instance of this virus. Contrary to popular belief, being HIV positive is not a death sentence. Modern drugs make it pos sible for people who are HIV positive to be very healthy and live for years without developing AIDS. Also, thoseRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the deadliest pandemics the world has ever known. Unprecedented efforts and resources have been mobilized to fight the infection worldwide. While obvious progress has been made, HIV infection still hit hard and the field of public health continues actively to raise awareness about this issue and help affected people. Public health professionals constantly look for new ways to reach high-risk populations, butRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) And Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome2096 Words   |  9 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are complex diseases that are generally misunderstood and cast a stereotype of the people who are infected. A disease that is relatively new in comparisons to some diseases came to light as a public issue in the 1980’s and is now known around the world. HIV and AIDS attack the T-cells and CD4 cells of a person’s body which make them have symptoms similar to the flu. This disease is exactly what the name describes Read MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) Or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1281 Words   |  6 PagesA major epidemic across the world is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Accredited with 10% of the HIV cases annually is injection drug use (AIDS.gov, 2014). A study done in 2010 showed that injection drug use affected nearly 47,500 new HIV infections in the United States. With 625 being males and 38% being female. Breaking it down even further, African Americans made up 50% of the newly affecting using injection drugs, Whites 26%, and Latinos/ Hispan icsRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) And The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )2072 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) do not seem to be a major topic of discussion in the World today. Especially within the United States, HIV and AIDS are not conversed about as openly as perhaps it was in the past two decades. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at the end of 2010 there were approximately 1.1 million people living in the United States with the HIV virus. Of those 1.1 million peopleRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1449 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) /Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is present around the world. HIV weakens the body’s immune system by attacking its defences against disease this later develops into AIDS which causes for the body to be unable to fight of illness and diseases it usually could (Afao.org.au, 2015). Chad a country of Sub Saharan Africa has an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/Aids. Working to decrease this a number promotional incentives are being run such as theRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Infection And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Hiv / Aids )898 Words   |  4 Pages Pathogenic Agent Identified Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Virus after the infection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the immune system is damaged so the body become targets of many opportunistic diseases, which called syndrome, rather than just a type of disease. [1] History of Pathogenic Agent The clinical of AIDS was first observed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981. [2] The region most recent outbreakRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Or Hiv, The Root Cause Of Aids Or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome?1532 Words   |  7 PagesSince its discovery in 1981, the scientific community has put up with the struggle of finding a vaccine for the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, the root cause of AIDS or acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Although numerous advancements in combating the virus have helped to reverse the epidemic, there is still no known cure. However, recent studies have shown some results that may possibly be the precursors to eradicate the disease. One example would be the trials of a possible vaccine conducted

Saturation Sampling Free Essays

The parameters that underpin quality research especially qualitative research keep changing and so the need for more clarity and transparency. The lucidity and transparency of reports from qualitative research form the basic philosophical foundation upon which the rigor as well as credibility of the qualitative study is evaluated. Qualitative studies are highly anchored on the quality of the reports generated and thus there is increased emphasis on the data collection stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Saturation Sampling or any similar topic only for you Order Now Given that all reliable targets may not be available to the qualitative researcher, the concept of saturation sampling allows the researcher to survey all the identifiable targets. In other words, saturation sampling helps researchers to overcome problems of lack of intentional sampling frames. For that reason, the researchers will attempt to survey all samples available. In addition, Fontanella et al (2008) add that saturation sampling allows the researcher to take a multifaceted approach in the study by removing the limits to the techniques of data collection, the mode of use, and the type of data collected. This boosts the reliability of the investigation by providing as much information as possible (Fontanella et al 2008). An example of a research study that employed data saturation is found in the ‘Public Understanding of Science- Journal’ titled ‘Ethno-cultural community leaders’ views and perceptions on biobanks and population specific genomic research: a qualitative research study’ by Godard et al (2010). The authors of the article note that due to the large gap existing due to lack of sufficient data on views and perceptions of communities on biobanks, their qualitative study required an in-depth interview of ethno-cultural leaders but the public’s involvement was also important. In the conclusion of the study, the researchers found that leadership and general public must equally be involved in the partnership even if the public is not informed of the significance of the biobanks. In addition, the model allowed the researchers to identify various socio-cultural and ethical issues that impact on the effective performance of biobanks. How to cite Saturation Sampling, Papers

Virtualization Technology

Question: Discuss about the Virtualization Technology. Answer: Introduction Virtualization is the creation of simulated versions of IT elements such as Operating Systems, storage devices, servers or network resources (Portnoy, 2016). Kumar Charu (2015) define virtualization as an arrangement of software and hardware configurations that constructs Virtual Machines (VMs) and facilitates the execution of more than one operating systems running on the same physical resources and platform. In addition, virtualization can be referred to the resourceful utilization of the present resources that offers gigantic cost savings in a short amount of time. Virtualization also delivers organizations with fresh models of software deployment which meets user anticipations, offers quick services, self-service provisioning, scalability and load balancing to support important business systems. The illustration below shows a virtual IT infrastructure (Kumar Charu, 2015). Figure 2: A Virtual Infrastructure (Source: Metzler, 2011) Role of virtualization in a data center According to VMware White Paper (2016), virtualization enables enterprises to handle challenges that include the following Server consolidation - virtualization removes the need for many servers in an organization that are not used to their full capacity by using only one server and deploying other required servers as virtual machines (VMs) which can therefore execute safely across shared resources plainly which thus increases server usage and utilization to optimized levels. Since many servers including mail servers, webservers, and network servers usually use less than forty percent of their capability, deploying them as virtual machines in only one server saves physical space, consumes less power and reduces on organizational costs. Development and test environment standardization and optimization virtualization enables the provision of development and testing servers by recycling configured systems, augmenting collaboration between system developers and allows standardizing development environments which increase system compatibility, thereby reducing developer conflicts and errors. Organizational sustainability and continuity - virtualization reduces the expenses and complications of business sustainability by providing the availability of disaster recovery solutions by compressing major systems into single system files that can be simulated and reinstated on other server thereby decreasing downtime and system resources. Enables secure enterprise desktop virtualization provides user workstations, personal computers and laptops with secure platforms without conceding their autonomy by offering security policies in applications surrounding virtual desktop machines. Need and importance of virtualization technologies Virtualization is a major factor to business organizations since it is an enabling technology that allows the creation of an intelligent abstraction layer that hides the difficulty of underlying software or hardware (Kumar Charu, 2015). Virtualization technologies allows business enterprises to reduce costs on both hardware and software purchases and split computing resources to gives one or more than execution environments (Naeem et al, 2016). Virtualization is a major part of contemporary design for data center (Onisick, 2010). Virtualization technologies are necessary and organizational should implement them because of the following benefits as laid out by Naeem et al (2016). Reduction in infrastructure costs including cooling, power, spacing and cabling, due to less required server hardware which consequently saves money. Centralized management and monitoring tools exist for most virtualization platforms which maximizes uptime Improved hardware utilization since traditional servers only use up to 10% resources.Placing multiple virtual machines on the same physical server achieves high utilization. Availability, reduction in system administration work and management benefits Virtualization in Amazon Founded in 1994, Amazon is an Americancloud computing and electronic commerce company. It is the leading web based retailer in the world by total sales and market capitalization having started as an online bookstore (Amazon, 2017). To satisfy it large base of clients and customers, Amazon has implanted virtualization technologies. Amazon Virtual Private Cloud VPC allows for the provision of a rationally secluded segment of their Web Services cloud where a client can introduce web resources in a self-defined virtual network. The customer has complete control and management over the virtual networking setup, comprising of their specific address ranges, gateways, subnet creation, and route table configuration (Amazon, 2017). Major attributes of a VM A virtual machine (VM) is the basic component of virtualization and act as a container for operating systems and application software executing on top of the virtualization layer on a server (Portnoy, 2016). VMs offer several benefits for IT infrastructure in a business organization. Major attributes of an efficient virtual machine (VM) include the following Hardware Independence - VMs should have the capability of migrating to any physical server Partitioning- ability to run more than one operating systems on one physical machine and provision to divide system resources among virtual machine Safety and Isolation at the hardware level, VMs should provide security and fault isolation. In addition, with progressive control of the system resources, they should be able to preserve machine performance. Encapsulation virtual machine files should be saved and hidden from access and contact by other systems. The files also should have the capability of moving from one location to another. Fidelity The environment it creates for the VM is essentially identical to the original (hardware) physical machine. Performance - between the physical equivalent and the VM there should be little or no difference at all. Points to consider when using VM as a server Workload capacity and performance planning server virtualization greatly increases resource utilization, to ensure efficient running of a VM server, workloads , capacity and performance should be kept in check. Security - security is a very key factor in computer systems. To ensure that servers are working effectively, security has to be set in place to inhibit any possible threats. Operational processes and procedures ensure that procedures and policies on how to run, monitor and control the VM server are in place. Storage apportionment and management storage allocation should be estimated so that currently available capacity is not exceeded which can subsequently affect server performance. Virtual appliance vs vApp A virtual appliance is a preconfigured application software that contains virtual machines(VMs) and software solutions that are combined, integrated, controlled and reorganized as a unit (VMware Inc, 2010). Avirtual applianceis usually setup ready to run on ahypervisor. Virtual appliance is created when a software appliance is installed on a virtual machine and packaged into an image. Virtual appliances are usually anticipated to exclude the setting up, configuration and upkeep costs linked with the execution of complicated heaps of software applications (Bhartiya, 2015). A virtual appliance is easy for users to obtain and implement as solutions. Virtual appliances make the development and the dissemination of software applications simpler and reduce the execution time. vApp A vApp contains several interoperating virtual machines (VMs) and software applications that can be installed and managed as one element. vApps use standard Open Virtualization Format to compress elements of a given application, alongside operating procedures and service levels agreements associated with them. A vApp gives software developers a typical way of describing procedures and policies that the clouds or datacenters they are using can be consistently interpreted and executed (VMware Inc, 2010). A vApp offers a suitable method of using software applications without the complication of installing the applications yourself (SAS, 2016). When to use a virtual appliance When you want to isolate the host operating system especially when testing software applications When you want to save on hardware and software costs of a business organization When a company does not have enough physical space for setting up all the required hardware and software equipments When a company want to implement centralized management of all its resources and communication Virtual appliance suppliers :VMware Inc. VMware delivers virtualization and cloud applications and services (VMware Inc., 2010). VMware leads in both server and desktop virtualization markets. VMware continues to lead the virtualization market due to inventions, tactical connections and quality products (Hess, 2016). Desktop software at VMware operates on Linux, macOS AND Microsoft Windows. Sever Hypervisors run on VMware ESXi and VMware ESX. The two are bare-metalhypervisorsoperating openly onserverhardware without the necessity of needing an extraoperating system (OS). Citrix Systems Inc. Citrix Systems, Inc.is an American corporation founded by Richardson in the late nineties. Citrix provides desktop, server and application virtualization, cloud computing services and software as a service(SaaS). Citrix started by creating remote access applications including remote servers. The company has other development centers in countries including Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Denmark, India and Germany (Citrix, 2017). Microsoft Microsoft has been a leading software provider for many years now. To compete in the server virtualization market, Microsoft developed a non-Linux hypervisor and continues to offer striking authorization for the hypervisor product together with the operating systems running on it (Microsoft, 2017).The hypervisor continue getting more and more competitive for virtualization after every new release of a new Windows server. The company has also continued to gain clients for their virtualization services including Hyper-V services. References Amazon (2017). Amazon Com Inc. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/ Bhartiya, S. (2015). Why, When, and How To Use a Virtual Machine. Retrieved from https://www.linux.com/learn/why-when-and-how-use-virtual-machine Citrix (2017). What does Citrix do? Retrieved from https://www.citrix.com/about/what-does-citrix-do.html Hess, K (2016). Top 10 Virtualization Technology Companies for 2016. Retrieved from https://www.serverwatch.com/server-trends/slideshows/top-10-virtualization-technology-companies-for-2016.html Metzler, D. (2011). Virtualization: Benefits, Challenges, and Solutions, White Paper. Retrieved fromhttps://www.stotthoare.com.au/sites/default/files/files/1_16100_WhitePaper_VirtualizationBenefits_by_Webtorials.pdf Microsoft (2017). Microsoft Hypervisor. Retrieved from https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/cloud-platform/server-virtualization Naeem, M., Mahar, H., Memon, F. Rauf, A. (2016). An overview of virtualization cloud computing. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307905618_AN_OVERVIEW_OF_VIRTUALIZATION_CLOUD_COMPUTING Portnoy, M. (2016). Virtualization Essentials. Second Edition. ISBN: 978-1-119-26772-0 Kumar, R., Charu, S. (2015). An Importance of Using Virtualization Technology in Cloud Computing. Global Journal of Computers Technology, Vol. 1, No. 2, February 25, 2015, ISSN: 2394-501X. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rakesh_Kumar175/publication/273723426_An_Importance_of_Using_Virtualization_Technology_in_Cloud_Computing/links/5509bd980cf20f127f907ce3.pdf Onisick, J. (2010). Data center 10: server virtualization. Retrieved from https://www.definethecloud.net/tag/data-center-virtualization/ SAS. (2016). What is a vApp and how does it work? Retrieved from https://support.sas.com/software/products/university-edition/faq/vmapp_whatis.htm VMware Inc (2010). Users Guide to Deploying vApps and Virtual Appliances. Retrieved from https://www.vmware.com/support/developer/studio/studio21/va_user.pdf